Painter. He studied at C. Randl in Vienna and Munich in 1857 where he began painting romantic historic pictures in Piloty's style. Due to his harmonic colouring and well-balanced composition, the illustrations for Goethe's "Faust", Schiller's "Bandits" and "Das Lied von der Glocke", brought him a lot of success. In 1870 he was invited to paint the portrait of Emperor Franz Josef in Vienna. After the years 1880-83, when he was the director of the Stuttgart Academy, he returned to Munich where he worked as a teacher in the art school. His major pictures: "St. Elizabeth of Hungary" (painted in two, almost identical versions), "Queen Elizabeth Signs the Death Sentence of Mary Stuart", "Marie Therese Feeds the Child of a Beggar Woman" (1867), "Venus and Tannhäuser", and "Faust and Gretchen".